Cytoplasm
Definition:
Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside and outside of the cell where all organelle is such as ;mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes etc. are floating inside the cell.
Organelles
in the cytoplasm are bonded with each other by a lipid bilayer.
Shortly cytoplasm
is defined as;
“ molecular soup where all organelle is suspended in it.”
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| Fig:- cytoplasm |
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| Fig:- cytoplasm |
History of cytoplasm:
Rudolf Von
Kolliker first time
introduced the term Protoplasm in 1863. After his research many objections are
found by an other authors because they prefer to exclude vacuoles and plastids
inside the cytoplasm.
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| Rudolf Von Kolliker |
There are 3
main components of cytoplasm name are listed below.
Cytosol
Organelles
Cytoplasmic inclusions
cytosol:
It is also
named as intracellular fluid and cytoplasmic matrix.
Metabolism reactions are also occur in cytosol.
Glycolysis, intracellular receptors, ribosomes, and single transduction Pathways processes are takes place in cytosol.
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Fig;- Movement
of hormones and other activities in the cytosol.
Organelles:
Many organelles
are found inside the cell which play important role and perform specific
functions in the cell.
These
organelles includes mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, lysosomes,
chloroplast present in plant cell.
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Fig;-
Showing all organelles in the cytoplasm.
Cytoplasmic inclusions:
Cytoplasmic
inclusions are without membrane and insoluble molecules.
These molecules are stored energy and basically made up of starch and glycogen.
Liquid droplets are the
accurate and widespread example of cytoplasmic inclusions made up of proteins
and lipids.
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Fig:-
dynamic droplets (cytoplasmic inclusions)
Properties
of cytoplasm:
Colourless
fluid contains 70 to 80% water.
cytoplasm have two main parts
- Ectoplasm:
is a clear and
glassy layer whereas
- Endoplasm:
is a inner
granular mass.
- A jelly like thick pigment are present in the peripheral side of the cytoplasm is called plasmogel.
- A thin liquid present in the surrounding of the nucleus is called plasmsol.
- Cytoskeleton present in cytoplasm provide shape to the cell.
- Cytoplasm provide platform for the movement of molecules and inclusions. This process of movement is called cells streaming.
- It also helpful for the staining of different basophilic areas named as ergatoplasma.
Functions of cytoplasm:
- Many enzymatic reactions and metabolic activities performed in cytoplasm.
- Mitosis and meiosis first stages are also occurred in cytoplasm.
- It also responsible for the movement of hormones and dissolved cellular wastes within the and out of the cell.
- Glycolysis process are also performed in cytoplasm.
- It also helpful for the movement of floating organelles from one place to another.
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